Mac Guides from 4macos explain everyday Mac tasks with clear, practical steps. Use this section when you want to learn how a macOS feature works, change a setting, manage files, improve your workflow, or connect and configure accessories.
Our guides focus on built-in macOS tools whenever possible and explain where settings are located, what each option changes, and what to check when the interface differs between Mac models or macOS versions.
Finder & Files
Learn how to navigate Finder, organize files and folders, find stored items, work with paths and tags, and manage common file operations without relying on unnecessary third-party utilities.
Privacy & Security
Understand app permissions, camera and microphone access, file access, screen recording permissions, and other macOS privacy controls before granting an application additional access.
Productivity & Everyday macOS
Explore built-in tools for screenshots, screen recording, window management, search, organization, and other tasks that can make a Mac easier to use every day.
For problems rather than how-to instructions, visit Mac Troubleshooting. For operating-system updates and features, see our macOS guides.
Browse Mac Guides
Finder & Files
- Emptying the trash can via the terminal
- How to Batch Rename Files on a Mac
- How to Change the Default App for a File Type on Mac
- How to Combine Multiple Files into One PDF on Mac
- How to Create and Use Smart Folders on a Mac
- How to Customize Folder Colors, Symbols, and Emoji on Mac
- How to Organize Your Mac Desktop with Stacks
- How to Recover Deleted Files from the Trash on a Mac
- How to Show and Change File Extensions on a Mac
- How to Show Hidden Files on a Mac
- How to Show the File Path in Finder on Mac
- How to Use Finder Tags on a Mac
- How to Use Quick Look on a Mac
- How to Zip and Unzip Files on a Mac
Productivity & Workflow
- How to Add and Customize Widgets on a Mac
- How to Change the Spotlight Keyboard Shortcut on a Mac
- How to Check Spotlight Indexing Status on a Mac
- How to Copy Text from Photos and Images on a Mac
- How to Customize the Dock on a Mac
- How to Customize the Menu Bar and Control Center on Mac
- How to Manage Notifications on a Mac
- How to Record Your Screen on a Mac
- How to Reset Spotlight Privacy Settings on a Mac
- How to Set Up Focus Modes on a Mac
- How to Set Up Hot Corners on a Mac
- How to Stop Spotlight from Showing Web Results and Siri Suggestions on a Mac
- How to Take a Screenshot on a Mac
- How to Tile Windows on a Mac
- How to Use Clipboard History on a Mac
- How to Use Dictation on a Mac
- How to Use Markup on a Mac
- How to Use Multiple Desktops on a Mac
- How to Use Shortcuts on a Mac
- How to Use Spotlight Search on a Mac
- How to Use Stage Manager on a Mac
- How to Use the Apple Games App on a Mac
- How to Use the Journal App on a Mac
- How to Use Voice Control on a Mac
- How to Use Writing Tools on a Mac
Privacy & Security
- How to Find a Lost or Stolen Mac
- How to Fix a Mac User Account Missing from the Login Screen
- How to Lock Notes on a Mac
- How to Lock Your Mac Quickly
- How to Manage App Permissions on a Mac
- How to Remove Login Items That Slow Down Your Mac
- How to Reset a Forgotten Mac Login Password
- How to Set Up Touch ID on a Mac
- How to Turn Off Automatic Login on a Mac
- How to Turn On and Configure the Firewall on Mac
- How to Turn On FileVault on a Mac
- How to Use Lockdown Mode on a Mac
- How to Use Passwords and Passkeys on a Mac
- How to Use Screen Time on a Mac
Storage Management
- How to Check Disk Space and Storage Usage in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Check DNS Settings and DNS Resolution in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Check Open Network Connections on a Mac Using Terminal
- How to Check Power and Battery Information Using pmset on a Mac
- How to Check Which Folders Use the Most Space in Your Home Folder on a Mac
- How to Check Which Process Is Using the Most CPU on a Mac in Terminal
- How to Check Why a Mac Restarted or Shut Down Using Terminal
- How to Compare Folder Sizes in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Find a Mac’s Local IP Address Using Terminal
- How to Find and Stop a Frozen Process Using Terminal on a Mac
- How to Find Large Files on a Mac
- How to Find the Largest Files and Folders in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Find What Is Preventing Your Mac from Sleeping Using Terminal
- How to Find Which Process Is Using a Port on a Mac Using Terminal
- How to Find Your Router and Default Gateway Using Terminal on a Mac
- How to Flush the DNS Cache on a Mac Using Terminal
- How to Free Up Storage Space on a Mac
- How to List Mounted Disks and Volumes in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Search macOS Logs for Errors Using the log Command
- How to See Which Apps Are Using the Network on a Mac Using Terminal
- How to Test Internet Connectivity with ping and traceroute on a Mac
- How to Use Optimize Storage on a Mac
- How to Use ps, top, and kill to Troubleshoot Apps on a Mac
- How to View Recent macOS System Logs Using Terminal
Backup & Restore
- How to Back Up a Mac with Time Machine
- How to Delete Local Time Machine Snapshots That Use Mac Storage
- How to Encrypt a Time Machine Backup on Mac
- How to Exclude Files and Folders from Time Machine Backups
- How to Fix Time Machine Not Finding a Backup Disk
- How to Fix Time Machine Stuck on Preparing Backup
- How to Remove Old iPhone and iPad Backups from a Mac
- How to Restore Files from a Time Machine Backup
- How to Restore One File from Time Machine
- How to Verify That a Time Machine Backup Is Working
External Drives & Storage
- APFS vs exFAT: Which Format Should You Use on a Mac?
- How to Check APFS Containers and Volumes in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Check Available Space on an External Drive in Terminal on a Mac
- How to Encrypt an External Drive on a Mac
- How to Fix an External Drive That Is Read-Only on a Mac
- How to Fix an External Drive That Keeps Disconnecting from a Mac
- How to Fix an External Drive That Won’t Mount on a Mac
- How to Format an External Drive on a Mac
- How to Make an NTFS External Drive Writable on a Mac
- How to Partition an External Drive on a Mac
- How to Recover Deleted Files from an External Drive on a Mac
- How to Safely Eject an External Drive on a Mac
Sharing & Networking
iPhone & Continuity
- How to Create Polls in Messages on a Mac
- How to Make and Receive Phone Calls on a Mac
- How to Scan Documents to a Mac Using an iPhone or iPad
- How to Use an iPhone as a Webcam for Mac
- How to Use Call Screening on a Mac
- How to Use iPhone Mirroring on a Mac
- How to Use Live Activities from iPhone on Mac
- How to Use Live Translation on a Mac
- How to Use Universal Clipboard Between Mac and iPhone